Boosting Battery Performance: Optimal Heating and Fast Charging at Subzero Temperatures
$ 54.5
Description
Lithium-ion batteries, thanks to their high energy density and long service life, have been widely adopted, however, they suffer from poor performance at low temperatures due to sluggish kinetics and mass transport issues. The available energy and power are dramatically decreased at sub-zero temperatures, with charging rates particularly limited due to the high risk of lithium plating. Since the kinetic and transport processes of batteries are highly temperature dependent, preheating the battery is a viable approach to enhance its performance. Batteries can be warmed up by the alternative current (AC), direct current (DC), and AC+DC, as well as the hybrid self-heating approaches.