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Description

The soft-ionization mass spectrometry is irreplaceable instrumentation to many fields of analytical research. Due to, its superior method performances, mass spectrometry becomes a so-called gold-standard of the analytical sciences. Its application encompasses analytical and environmental chemistry, petroleum chemistry, clinical diagnostics, forensic and laboratory medicine, biochemistry, pharmacy, forensic chemistry and toxicology, investigations for forensic medico-legal purposes, nuclear forensics, agricultural science and food technology, archaeology, geology, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and more. Implementation of mass spectrometric methods for purposes of (macro)molecular identification, annotation, and quantification increases dramatically recent decades, looking at fields of lipidomics; metabolomics, proteomics, foodomics, steroidomics, pesticide analysis and control, glycomics, genomics and DNA adduct-omics, lignomics, transcriptomics, interactomics, doping control, petrolomics, isotomics, and more. The clinical trans-omics is innovative area of integrated clinical phenomes with multi-omics approaches, connecting -omics variables with clinical phenomes. The reliability of omics-analyses determines their applicability to clinical precision medicine. Omics-data should be traceable to very higher-order standards. The molecular isotopologies obtain relative isotopic abundance of stable natural isotopes of analytes. It increases in reliability of mass spectrometric identification and annotation data as well as is of great importance for implementation of omics-protocols into clinical precision medicine. However, fluctuations in elemental composition are cau