Description
In recent decades, molecular markers have emerged as essential tools for illuminating DNA polymorphisms, revolutionizing various fields including biotechnology, molecular biology, forensics, biodiversity, genetics, and evolution. These markers encompass distinct categories: morphological, biochemical, and genetic/DNA-based markers. DNA/genetic markers, particularly PCR-based or hybridization-based ones, have gained widespread utilization. Notably, microsatellites, amplified fragment length polymorphisms, random amplification of polymorphic DNA, and single nucleotide polymorphism markers have gained prominence. Transposable elements-based markers (IRAP, REMAP, SSAP, RBIP) are extensively employed for fingerprinting, enhancing genomic coverage and homologous band production.