Book

Description

Part I: Pain State - The Role of the Medial Nociceptive System Pain is a complex and subjective experience that significantly affects quality of life. Research has traditionally focused on the lateral nociceptive system, which processes the sensory aspects of pain. However, the medial nociceptive system, encompassing the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, insular cortex, and prefrontal cortex, plays a crucial role in integrating sensory and affective components of pain. This review explores the structural and functional bases of the medial nociceptive system and the molecular mechanisms involved in pain modulation. Understanding these elements is essential for developing effective pain management strategies, particularly for chronic pain, which affects millions and incurs substantial societal costs. Part II: General Anesthesia and Allergies - From Recognition to Mechanisms General anesthesia is fundamental to modern surgical procedures, ensuring patient comfort and immobility. However, allergic reactions to anesthetic agents can range from mild hypersensitivity to severe anaphylaxis, posing significant clinical challenges. This section examines the spectrum of allergic reactions associated with general anesthesia, exploring documented cases, underlying mechanisms, and long-term effects on patients with allergic predispositions. By synthesizing current research and case studies, this review aims to inform clinical practices and guide future research, emphasizing the need for comprehensive preoperative allergy assessments and vigilant intraoperative monitoring to ensure patient safety and effective surgical outcomes. This work is supported by Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Hubei Provincial (2023KFZZ026).