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Greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and a number of other substances. By absorbing infrared light from the Earth's surface, these emissions increase the amount of energy that reaches the lower atmosphere and contribute to climate change. Global temperatures have risen as a result of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, which further exacerbates climate change. One of the most obvious indicators of this process is the rising average temperature of the atmosphere, sometimes known as global warming. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change study, climate change is expected to happen quickly, with a 0.2°C increase in global temperature every ten years. By 2100, the average surface temperature is expected to increase by 1.88°C. When metabolic heat generation and dissipation in the environment are out of balance, heat stress situations arise. Dairy farms are expected to experience more heat stress in the future due to the uncertainties surrounding global warming, which causes cows to have a lower tolerance for heat. Climate change causes substantial material and financial losses for farm animals worldwide, especially during the summer. Approximately 60% of dairy farms worldwide have been shown to suffer significant financial losses due to heat, while more than half of all cattle are found in tropical regions. Reduced reproductive rates among dairy cows raised under heat stress are one of the main effects of summer heat stress. Due to its detrimental effects on several reproductive features and, therefore, the milk output of dairy cows, heat stress is a major financial burden in many dairy-producing regions of the world. Climate change-related heat stress has a significant impact on the productivity and well-being of dairy cattle. Dairy cows under heat stress have lower milk production efficiency, lower feed intake, and poorer milk quality attributes.