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Effective Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices are critical to ensuring performance, quality, and timely completion in public infrastructure. This research paper investigates the implementation, challenges, and operational effectiveness of M&E systems within government-owned construction projects across Lemi Kura Sub City. By examining key institutional frameworks, resource allocation, technical capacity, and stakeholder engagement, the study identifies critical systemic bottlenecks leading to project delays and cost overruns. The findings offer practical insights, actionable recommendations, and evidence-based frameworks to help urban planners, project managers, and local government officials optimize monitoring tools, improve accountability, and drive successful project delivery in public sector construction.