Book

Description

Fluoride Remediation: From Conventional Treatment to Advanced and Emerging Technologies provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving science and engineering of fluoride removal from contaminated water. The book begins with the sources, occurrence, health impacts, and regulatory significance of fluoride contamination before examining established treatment approaches such as precipitation, coagulation–flocculation, lime treatment, the Nalgonda technique, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane processes. It then explores advanced and emerging technologies, including electrocoagulation, electrodialysis, capacitive deionization, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, nanomaterial-based adsorbents, metal-organic frameworks, biochar, modified bioadsorbents, and graphene-based materials. Particular emphasis is placed on process intensification through rotating and pulsed-current electrocoagulation, hybrid systems, solar-powered treatment, CFD-assisted reactor design, and AI/ML-based optimization. The book also addresses sustainability, scale-up, regeneration, life-cycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, decentralized treatment, smart water-treatment systems, and resource recovery. It highlights the transition from conventional fluoride removal toward integrated, intelligent, renewable-energy-driven, and circular fluoride management. Designed for researchers, engineers, academics, students, and water-treatment professionals, this book connects fundamental mechanisms with practical challenges and future opportunities, providing a forward-looking perspective on the development of efficient, affordable, sustainable, and scalable fluoride-remediation technologies.