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This research investigates third language English acquisition among intermediate learners. It examines how L1 Arabic - L2 French bilinguals dynamically co-activate prior grammars to selectively transfer relevant grammatical properties, resulting in a hybrid underlying L3 grammar. The study reveals how the learners leverage robust L3 input to acquire novel, English-specific structures. The analysis of crosslinguistic data from adverb placement, dative constructions, and oblique relative clauses demonstrates that L3 development occurs on a property-by-property basis rather than through wholesale grammar transfer. The results challenge monolithic transfer frameworks, such as default L1 transfer and the L2 Status Factor, while they provide empirical support for the Scalpel Model and the Linguistic Proximity Model. Ultimately, the data indicate that the source of syntactic transfer is multi-causally determined by the interplay of several co-determinant factors, including unambiguous input, structure frequency, exposure to non-standard varieties, and the subset principle.