Book

Description

The Wewalthalawa natural forest serves as the primary catchment area for the Vee Oya River and a critical habitat for numerous endangered species. Despite its ecological and economic importance, this unique ecosystem faces severe degradation due to human activities such as deforestation, illegal cultivation, and resource extraction. This study aimed to identify the key anthropogenic factors affecting the stability of the Wewalthalawa natural forest and propose sustainable conservation strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including interviews, group discussions, and field observations. Results revealed that 70% of the local community directly depends on the forest for resources like fuel wood, forage, and timber, while 80% engage in indirect consumption, significantly impacting the forest’s stability. Economic activities, including the extraction of spices like cardamom and walla patta (Gyrinops walla), contribute to forest degradation, with 85% of the harvested materials used non-economically. Field observations highlighted environmental impacts, including landslides triggered by deforestation and habitat destruction. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated conservation strategies. Recommendations include providing alternative livelihood opportunities, increasing wages for estate workers, allocating lands for agriculture, and implementing stringent regulatory frameworks. Strengthening research on the region’s unique biodiversity can further enhance conservation efforts and uncover new species of global significance. This study demonstrates the Wewalthalawa forest's critical role in biodiversity preservation and sustainable resource management. It provides actionable insights for policymakers and conservationists to balance ecological preservation with community development. Immediate action is essential to protect this invaluable natural resource for future generations and maintain its ecological and socio-economic benefits.